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As MacZ wrote your tank is too small for a breeding trio of apistos, especially when they are in with a densely populated community. You need to decide what you really want, a community tank or a breeding tank. It is virtually impossible to have both in something as small as your tank.
The female is definitely confusing. It has a caudal patch more like that seen on A. cf. orgetai (Pebas). Holotype A. ortegai females will only show 2 prominent flank spots (on Bars 3 & 4) when brooding or dominant. In neutral mood females of A. ortegai show 4 - 5 lateral spots with the 2 spots...
I must agree with Frank on this. The top fish shows masculine features like extended anterior dorsal spines (higher than a female's), lack of black in the ventral fins, and a more slender profile, typical of a male. My guess is that this is a sneaker male trying to look female to avoid excess...
Not in all apisto species, especially members of the nijsseni-group. I've found that if 2 pair off but are unsuccessful raising a spawn or 2 that they aren't interested in breeding with each other. They may live together fairly peacefully but have no interest in breeding with each other, more...
I guess I should have been more specific. I was asking Ayazad about his water values. As for those with favorable values but no success, it could be for many reason from tank placement and decor to just not having a compatible breeding pair.
It would help to know your water parameters. The species is found in moderate black water so minimal water hardness and a pH around 6 should work. This is a nijsseni-group species and most have a reputation for being choosy about breeding partners.
Appears to be one of the Netz forms from the north side of the Amazon between the Rio Negro and Rio Jari in northeastern Brazil. Which one depends on catch location.
The Rio Putumayo has both A. agassizii and A. bitaeniata co-existing together so it looks like Glaser's shipment was a mix. The fish in the photo is definitely a member of the agassizii-complex.
For panduro females around 1¾"/4,5cm should show definite female markings. As for sexual maturity it really depends on factors like water quality, food and temperature, but most apistos are sexually mature at 6 - 8 months.
My guess is that variety in foods in the wild and possibly water condition play an important part in color. Apistos eat a much more varied diet in the wild than any of us provide in the aquarium.
OK, at 1 - 1½"/2,5 - 3,5cm your smaller fish is still (if properly raised) a juvenile and could be either sex. Given a month or 2 you should know for certain.
Green Neons (P. simulans) is a blackwater species. Like other blackwater schooling tetras they are opportunistic predators on anything small enough to fit in their mouth. As such schooling tetras can overwelm a female apisto's ability to protect her fry.
Hard to say without knowing which 20 gallon tank you have: 20High, 20Long, 20Tall? "4 caves, a lot of plants, and a lot of hides and cover" varies with the opinion of the aquarist. A photo of the tank would be helpful. What are you feeding your fish and what are the pH and hardness of the tank's...
Hmm. I thought that bloodworms were insect larvae of a chironomid midge? I am in the minority in that I occasionally feed bloodworms - but from a trusted manufacturer and a trusted retailer and I check the package for indications of partial thawing before purchase. I do the same for any frozen...