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  1. gerald

    Help with moss identification please...

    Maybe one of the Cladophora species, similar to the "moss ball" algae?
  2. gerald

    A. panduro heavy breathing + wound.

    I'd guess Mycobacterium, which often causes open sores on the head, body, or base of fins. https://dianawalstad.com has a good article on Myco, with photos of an angelfish with similar sores around the mouth. In my experience it's one of the commonest killers of Apistos that have been...
  3. gerald

    Need to no 100% whether male or female...

    The trouble usually comes when there's a new batch of fry. Then the older fry are a threat to the new ones, and get chased off or killed by the parents.
  4. gerald

    What Plants?

    Cryptocoryne wendtii, Java fern, Bolbitis, Anubias nana, and Java moss are some of the easiest and most reliable for low-light soft-water tanks. And if you want floating plants, there's Frogbit, Salvinia, and Watersprite. (Watersprite grows like crazy in some tanks, and will not live in others...
  5. gerald

    Borellii eggs?

    Yes. Interest in fry care varies pair by pair, and may change with age. Generally females take charge, but not always, and with some it's 50/50 fry care. Not sure to what extent the fry choose which parent they like to follow. You're lucky - that makes things easier if both parents share fry...
  6. gerald

    Depressed Apistogramma

    It might also be due to some slow-growing infection or organ failure that old fish tend to get. Whatever killed the male might also be affecting her.
  7. gerald

    Hello from Virginia

    Good to see you here too Todd. Whenever "assorted Apistos" show up (often wild), if you have any hope of breeding them without hybridizing, it's a good idea to get several because you may never get a positive species ID on some of them, so finding a mate of the same variety months or years...
  8. gerald

    Apisto help, bad luck

    Funny about the tank height effect ... Apistos are PROUD fish and don't like anybody looking DOWN on them! ;)
  9. gerald

    Apisto help, bad luck

    What is the hardness of your tap water? Unless it is pretty high, then 9:1 dilution with distilled water might be too soft and ion-poor for newly acquired, stressed fish. I'd suggest at least 20 mg/L hardness (1 dGH) and 200 microSiemens conductivity for the first few weeks until they are...
  10. gerald

    ID Sex Laetacara dorsigera

    Watch the second video -- a small but distinct dorsal ocellus is visible on both fish. Also they have the shorter, rounder body shape of females. Adult males usually look slightly more elongate to me, with a flatter belly.
  11. gerald

    ID Sex Laetacara dorsigera

    I am guessing those are both females, but i can't really see enough detail close-up. Generally, males will have longer points on the back end of the dorsal and anal fins (but these points can get bitten off), and females usually have a more distinct spot in the middle of the dorsal fin...
  12. gerald

    rams and agassizi

    Probably OK in a 4-ft long tank, decorated to encourage territories at the far ends, and plenty of tetras, rasboras, etc to distract them. Buts it's always best to have extra tanks in case trouble breaks out.
  13. gerald

    Breeding splash tetras....

    RR - Did they spawn on the top surface (above water) or bottom surface (below water) of the floating leaf?
  14. gerald

    33 gallon long - Dicrossus filamentosus and friends

    I dont think you need match the pet store's conductivity. Just add some salt to whatever tank you're putting them in initially, to ease their osmotic workload for the first few days or week. 1 gram per liter (approx 1 teaspoon per gallon) is enough; conductivity will be roughly 2000 uS...
  15. gerald

    Ember tetras with N.Anomala.

    Or just be ready to move fish around if/when it becomes a problem.
  16. gerald

    Ember tetras with N.Anomala.

    Probably OK until you have a Nannacara mother guarding her fry - they can get extremely aggressive toward the father and all other fish.
  17. gerald

    elizabethea and agassizi together?

    I think they are too similar to each other, and should not be mixed. Better to keep unrelated species (from different species-groups) to reduce the risks of aggression, accidental interbreeding, and getting confused over which species is which when you want to separate them for breeding.
  18. gerald

    33 gallon long - Dicrossus filamentosus and friends

    Yes, especially if they were already stressed from transport and starvation, then ion-poor (low conductivity) water could have been the "last straw" leading to osmoregulation failure, even for fish that otherwise thrive in those conditions. Bloating suggests ion loss and excess water retention...
  19. gerald

    Copella nigrofasciatum.

    Looking at the wide geographic ranges for C. arnoldi, nattereri, callolepis, and eigenmanni in those maps in the Marinho & Menezes paper, I'd be very surprised if they did NOT show significant variation across their range. Species that live in big rivers generally have more genetic mixing across...
  20. gerald

    Only Dry Season parameters

    I asked Brian Perkins the question above and he responded: "The problem is that, as an example, the inlet for city water for Iquitos is located mid-stream in the Nanay River near "Pampa Chica" and normally that is NOT where you find Apistos. Apisto. atahualpa for instance is found in tiny...
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