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Your new Copella were Copella callolepis until August 2017, when Marinho & Menezes redescribed them and gave them the name they had before 2011: Copella nattereri. They are found in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, probably also in very eastern parts of Peru.
I'm sorry to say so, but your substrate is not the best for Apistogramma.
So I repeat what I've posted earlier:
Apistogramma belong to the tribe Geophagini, which means that they "eat earth". This is a very frequent and natural behavior, they will normally sift the substrate almost all day...
There are for sure differences in fishes from Colombia:
In this beautiful small blackwater tributary to the Colombian Rio Negro,
we collected these:
Non-dominant/suppressed fish often show the dark lateral band:
I'll guess you are talking about this fish, and that you will receive it from Peru?
Taxonomicly there is no fish with the name Copella nigrofasciata anymore.
Up to 2006, we called this fish Copella nigrofasciata. Then Zarske did a revision of the Copella genus, and said
this species should...
Yes, the Rio Guaviare is a whitewater river that drains the southernmost part of the Llanos ecosystem.
When we were there, there was no water coming in or going out of the collection site. But we could see from the surroundings that when the water is higher, the water is connected to the (now)...
Nice photos of a beautiful fish!
One of my wild males look like this
We collected them west of Puerto Inirida, Colombia, in the Rio Guaviare drainage, in February 2017.
This was during the dry season, so the water was shallow, hot and very muddy.
pH: 6,39 Conductivity: 173...
I happily announce that it's finally ready for you all to read:
Mike Wise's amazing 2017-revised list of more than 400 species / forms of Apistogramma, arranged in groups and complexes!
(I have been studying Spanish for five years) ¡Bueno!
(Where are the Apistogramma?)
Si usted cree en el Perú, hay muchos apistogrammas en la zona alrededor de Iquitos y el drenaje de Rio Nanay.
En el sur, en la zona de Puerto Maldonado no hay tantos ...
I know Linke (1982) and U. Werner (1992) both found A. sp. "Schwarzkehl" in small, clear streams.
On my trip to Colombia in January this year, we collected this species twice, in the llanos.
One location was a small lake, the other one was inside this "oasis":
Luxuriant vegetation and...
The International Code for Zoological Nomenclature says something like:
- aff. = affinis, to species you believe are distinct, but closely related. (Apistogramma (sp.) aff. agassizii, means a fish you believe is NOT agassizii, but a related species to it)
- cf. = confer, to species you suppose...
These were collected by a fisherman friend in Peru at the end of June, this year.
They seem to be the same species as you have, Shane.
They were collected between the village (San Antonio del) Estrecho (Rio Putumayo), and Totoya (Rio Algodon), cloeser to the latter.
So this confirm the...
In Mike Wise's translation of the "Ingo Koslowski, Cichlids of the Americas - Volume 2: Apistogramma & Co", we can read:
"Uwe Werner and his traveling companions collected A. macmasteri at many locations in the Rio Metica, like in a shallow, sandy blackwater river near El Merey having major...
Thank you, Gerald!
Would you say that denitrification might occur in such an amount that people with little or no plants in their aquariums could rely on denitrification instead of waterchanges to reduce the level of NO3?
As denitrification can leak N2O, an ozone-depleting gas that can have...