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  1. Tom C

    Congochromis dimidiatus

    As I am constantly preparing extreme blackwater for a few of my Apistogramma, there is always room for a few Parosphromenus in one or two of my smaller tanks. Exciting fish, Rasmus! I don't keep P. linkei right now, but I kept them a few years ago: I wish you good luck with them!
  2. Tom C

    New Apistogramma article published today.

    I'm sorry to disappoint you, Rasmus, but the "hop crabs" has been replaced with "Cyclops" now... :-)
  3. Tom C

    New Apistogramma article published today.

    We have published a brand new article today: Apistogramma sp. "Cuiari", a new beauty from eastern Colombia Enjoy!
  4. Tom C

    New to Apistogrammers and need advice!

    Well... that doesn't mean no A. (cf.) cacatuoides forms/locations live in black water, and thrive! In a tributary stream to the Rio Pacaya (Rio Ucayali-drainage, Peru), which has very black water, and looked like this: I collected A. (cf.) cacatuoides: which looked like this, back home in...
  5. Tom C

    Can apisto species in the same group cross breed ?

    I don't need to, I have them written down here :)
  6. Tom C

    Can apisto species in the same group cross breed ?

    In 2011, I collected fish in this stream, not far from Jenaro Herrera in Peru: I got two species of Apistogramma in the net: The big one is A. nijsseni. The smaller ones used to be labelled A. (cf.) agassizii (Jenaro Herrera), but as a result of the genetic studies of Estival et al. 2020...
  7. Tom C

    Unknown Plant

    Looks like a Cryptocoryne pontederiifolia to me.
  8. Tom C

    Newly identified pencil fish?

    I have collected quite a few Nannostomus (cf.) marginatus (just click on the small photos to see them bigger and read their origin)
  9. Tom C

    Hyphessobrycon cf. Troemneri

    The species 'troemneri' was originally described as Cheirodon troemneri (Fowler, 1942). Later it was moved to the genus Hyphessobrycon, due to one small tooth in front of the main, Cheirodon-like premaxillary series. And later, it was found to be identical to Hyphessobrycon rosaceus (Durbin...
  10. Tom C

    Is softened water harmful?

    I hope you understand that the fact that your "Like" made me unsure is because I have great respect for your knowledge!
  11. Tom C

    Is softened water harmful?

    Remember what Frank recently taught us, Mike: Alfred Krupp said: "Wer arbeitet, macht Fehler. Wer viel arbeitet, macht mehr Fehler. Nur wer die Hände in den Schoß legt, macht gar keine Fehler". What actually made me a little unsure if there was anything wrong was Darrel's "Like" and that no one...
  12. Tom C

    Is softened water harmful?

    I'm sorry, but I don't understand this. GH hardness is due to Ca++ and Mg++ ions, and soft water has a low GH and hard water has a high GH. KH alkalinity is due to carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate etc. and is a measure of pH stability (capability to resist pH change because of added acids). How...
  13. Tom C

    Water too dark?

    Micranthemum umbrosum do well as floater in my blackwater tanks:
  14. Tom C

    laetacara araguaiae parameters???

    Try this one: https://www.senckenberg.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/06_vertebrate_zoology_68-1_ottoni_47-63.pdf
  15. Tom C

    Too Soft?

    The title says the most important: (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023281) And they did not examine acid tanks: Their conclusion was: I would not rely on Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter...
  16. Tom C

    Too Soft?

    Thank you for the interesting article, Darrel. But obviously they had no knowledge about Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (OAO) at that time (2009) :) (In case there are readers here who are not familiar with Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea (OAO): Joe Gargas's claim that nitrification stops at low pH is wrong!)
  17. Tom C

    Pencil Fish ID

    Yes, normally the males are significantly more slender. The males' modified anal fin can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from the females'. In some populations, however, the males' anal fins are clearly longer and have much more color than the females'. Nannostomus eques can be a bit picky...
  18. Tom C

    Pencil Fish ID

    - You seem to have Nannostomus eques in your bag. This is one of mine: If they were exported from Peru, they often have the label Poecilobrycon auratus (which is an old name from 1909!). Maybe the owner of your LFS had that name, or similar? They sometimes also are labelled as Nannobrycon...
  19. Tom C

    Is this a male or female?

    I'm sorry to say so, but you have a substrate in your tank that is not at all suitable for Apistogramma. Apistogramma belong to the tribe Geophagini, which means that they "eat earth". This is a very frequent and natural behavior, they will normally sift the substrate almost all day long. I...
  20. Tom C

    Apistogramma Borellii Community-ish Tank

    It's good to see someone keeping them in a spacy tank with fine-grained sand! And accompanied by only small fish, without Corydoras, Ancistrus, Plecos and other larger or aggressive fish. Bravo!
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