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As I am constantly preparing extreme blackwater for a few of my Apistogramma, there is always room for a few Parosphromenus in one or two of my smaller tanks.
Exciting fish, Rasmus! I don't keep P. linkei right now, but I kept them a few years ago:
I wish you good luck with them!
Well... that doesn't mean no A. (cf.) cacatuoides forms/locations live in black water, and thrive!
In a tributary stream to the Rio Pacaya (Rio Ucayali-drainage, Peru), which has very black water, and looked like this:
I collected A. (cf.) cacatuoides:
which looked like this, back home in...
In 2011, I collected fish in this stream, not far from Jenaro Herrera in Peru:
I got two species of Apistogramma in the net:
The big one is A. nijsseni. The smaller ones used to be labelled A. (cf.) agassizii (Jenaro Herrera),
but as a result of the genetic studies of Estival et al. 2020...
The species 'troemneri' was originally described as Cheirodon troemneri (Fowler, 1942).
Later it was moved to the genus Hyphessobrycon, due to one small tooth in front of the main, Cheirodon-like premaxillary series.
And later, it was found to be identical to Hyphessobrycon rosaceus (Durbin...
Remember what Frank recently taught us, Mike: Alfred Krupp said: "Wer arbeitet, macht Fehler. Wer viel arbeitet, macht mehr Fehler. Nur wer die Hände in den Schoß legt, macht gar keine Fehler".
What actually made me a little unsure if there was anything wrong was Darrel's "Like" and that no one...
I'm sorry, but I don't understand this.
GH hardness is due to Ca++ and Mg++ ions, and soft water has a low GH and hard water has a high GH.
KH alkalinity is due to carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate etc. and is a measure of pH stability (capability to resist pH change because of added acids).
How...
The title says the most important:
(https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0023281)
And they did not examine acid tanks:
Their conclusion was:
I would not rely on Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter...
Thank you for the interesting article, Darrel.
But obviously they had no knowledge about Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (OAO) at that time (2009) :)
(In case there are readers here who are not familiar with Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea (OAO): Joe Gargas's claim that nitrification stops at low pH is wrong!)
Yes, normally the males are significantly more slender. The males' modified anal fin can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from the females'. In some populations, however, the males' anal fins are clearly longer and have much more color than the females'.
Nannostomus eques can be a bit picky...
- You seem to have Nannostomus eques in your bag.
This is one of mine:
If they were exported from Peru, they often have the label Poecilobrycon auratus (which is an old name from 1909!). Maybe the owner of your LFS had that name, or similar? They sometimes also are labelled as Nannobrycon...
I'm sorry to say so, but you have a substrate in your tank that is not at all suitable for Apistogramma.
Apistogramma belong to the tribe Geophagini, which means that they "eat earth". This is a very frequent and natural behavior, they will normally sift the substrate almost all day long.
I...
It's good to see someone keeping them in a spacy tank with fine-grained sand! And accompanied by only small fish, without Corydoras, Ancistrus, Plecos and other larger or aggressive fish.
Bravo!